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The recent conflict between Israel and Hamas has concluded with a ceasefire agreement brokered under the decisive intervention of former US President Donald Trump. This agreement, remarkably similar to a proposal made by President Joe Biden in May 2024, was previously rejected by both parties. However, the urgency of the situation, coupled with Trump's direct involvement and forceful demands for the release of Israeli hostages, including American citizens, led to its eventual acceptance. Trump's strong-arm tactics, including the threat of reprisals against Hamas and a strategically timed meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, proved instrumental in overcoming the impasse. The tense meeting, held on Shabbat, a day traditionally reserved for religious observance, disregarded diplomatic norms but underscored Trump's determination to secure a swift resolution. Netanyahu, who had previously advocated for a policy of “total victory” without a clear end goal, was evidently pressured to compromise.
The ceasefire, effective immediately, outlines a phased approach to de-escalation and reconstruction. The first phase involves the withdrawal of Israeli troops from populated areas of Gaza, retaining control of a one-kilometer buffer zone along the border with southern Israel. Critically, Israel has agreed to a phased withdrawal from the Philadelphi corridor and Rafah Crossing, enabling Gazans to return to their homes in northern and other parts of Gaza, though the extent of destruction to infrastructure implies significant challenges in resettlement. The agreement prioritizes the delivery of essential humanitarian aid, including food, shelter, water, and medicine, which had previously been severely restricted. This crucial element addresses the dire humanitarian crisis that had developed during the conflict, providing relief to a vulnerable population.
The deal also specifies a phased exchange of hostages. Hamas will release 33 hostages, prioritizing civilians over 50 years old, women, and children. In return, Israel will release 30 Palestinians from its prisons for every civilian hostage and 50 Palestinians for each female hostage. This exchange is not to occur in a single event, but divided into two 42-day phases, ensuring a carefully managed and monitored process. The entire ceasefire agreement spans 84 days, creating a window for a final, third phase focused on the rebuilding and reconstruction of Gaza. This phase acknowledges the extensive damage inflicted during the conflict and commits the parties to a collaborative effort to restore infrastructure and essential services. The specifics of this reconstruction phase are yet to be fully detailed, but it represents a significant commitment to long-term stability and recovery in Gaza.
The success of this ceasefire hinges on several critical factors. The commitment of both Hamas and Israel to adhere to the terms of the agreement is paramount. The phased approach, while carefully designed to mitigate risks, also creates opportunities for disagreements or delays. International monitoring and support will be crucial in overseeing the implementation of the agreement, ensuring compliance with the humanitarian aid provisions, and facilitating the complex process of prisoner exchange. The role of external actors, notably the United States, remains vital in providing diplomatic pressure and support to ensure the long-term stability of the agreement. The ultimate success of this ceasefire will not only depend on the implementation of its immediate provisions but also on the development of long-term strategies to address the root causes of conflict, fostering lasting peace and stability in the region. The legacy of the conflict and the agreement will undoubtedly shape future relations between Israel and Hamas and will be studied and analyzed for decades to come. The successful negotiation of this deal, however, represents a critical milestone in attempting to end decades of conflict.
Source: With Israel-Hamas ceasefire deal, a ‘cold peace’ in Gaza