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The recent visit of Maldives President Mohamed Muizzu to India marks a significant turning point in the bilateral relationship, which had experienced a period of strain in the aftermath of his election. Muizzu’s campaign, fueled by the opposition’s “India Out” rhetoric, had initially created tension with India. This was further exacerbated by a controversy involving tourism in Lakshadweep, with Maldivian ministers criticizing Prime Minister Narendra Modi, leading to a “Boycott Maldives” campaign in India. Muizzu’s decision to travel to Turkey, China, and the UAE before visiting India also raised concerns in New Delhi.
The initial friction stemmed from a perceived shift in the Maldives’ foreign policy, particularly its economic initiatives and defence pact with China. This, coupled with regime changes in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, raised questions about India’s “Neighbourhood First” policy and its effectiveness. However, both sides recognized the need to mend their relationship and worked towards this goal. India acceded to Muizzu’s request to replace Indian troops stationed in the Maldives with technical personnel, a move that signaled a willingness to address concerns. Simultaneously, both Foreign Ministers exchanged visits and announced new joint projects, further demonstrating a commitment to strengthening ties.
India’s financial assistance played a crucial role in the turnaround. A $100 million extension in SBI subscriptions of Maldivian T-bills helped the Maldives avoid defaulting on its debt payments. Additionally, India provided a $400 million support package and a ₹3,000 crore currency swap arrangement, bolstering the Maldives’ depleted currency reserves. The joint announcement of infrastructure projects, Free Trade Agreement talks, and the outline of a comprehensive maritime security partnership solidified the change in trajectory. Muizzu, during his visit, actively campaigned for the return of Indian tourists to previous levels and presented investment and employment opportunities in the Maldives, underscoring the economic benefits of a strong relationship.
The successful rapprochement between India and the Maldives showcases the power of sensitive and subtle diplomacy in overcoming challenges. This underscores the natural logic of close geography and shared interests, which have historically ensured India’s role as the “first responder” for the Maldives in times of need. The strengthened partnership holds significant potential for both countries, with opportunities for economic growth, security cooperation, and a more stable and prosperous region.